Vol. 6, Issue 1, Part A (2024)

Renal calculi, which are common urological problems with frequent recurrences, have been effectively managed with the development of minimally invasive procedures. Although contemporary stone treatment procedures have reached a level of maturity, their main focus is on dealing with stones that already exist, and they face challenges in effectively preventing the occurrence and reappearance of stones. This underscores the necessity of prioritizing prevention following therapy. Renal calculi are predominantly composed of calcium oxalate, accounting for more than 80% of cases. Although there is considerable study on urinary calcium metabolism, there is a significant lack of understanding on the specific role of oxalate. Oxalate and calcium are both essential components of calcium oxalate stones, and abnormalities in oxalate metabolism and excretion are significant factors in their formation. This review examines the relationship between kidney stones and the metabolism of oxalate, with a specific focus on the processes of oxalate absorption, metabolism, and excretion. This study examines the vital function of SLC26A6 in the removal of oxalate and investigates the regulatory mechanisms that govern SLC26A6 in the transport of oxalate. This review offers innovative perspectives on the mechanisms of kidney stones by specifically focusing on the oxalate viewpoint. This study improves our comprehension of the function of oxalate and provides remedies to decrease the frequency and reappearance of kidney stones.